What Does Sono Toori Desu Mean in Japanese

The word exactly in Japanese is Sono Toori Desu; it is used to convey agreement with something thats been said.     Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sono† means â€Å"that† and â€Å"tÃ… ri† means road and way. In Japanese, the word means youre on the right track or you agree with what was said.   Usage in a Sentence That’s exactly how I feel. (ç § Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¥ Å'㠁˜è€Æ'㠁ˆã  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š) Watashi mo onaji kangae desu.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Kangae† means â€Å"thought†Ã‚  so  with this phrase you are saying â€Å"I think the same† or â€Å"I have the same thought.† Related Words and Phrases However, there are several other ways to say you agree in Japanese. Here are some of them: I agree (è ³â€ºÃ¦Ë† Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢), Sansei desu. Sansei, which means â€Å"approval, is a more formal way to convey agreement in Japanese.Absolutely (å… ¨Ã£  Ã£  Ã£  ®Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã£â€šÅ Ã£â‚¬â€š) Mattaku sono tÃ… ri. â€Å"Mattaku† means completely.Of course (も㠁 ¡Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š) Mochiron desu. This is yet another way to show agreement in Japanese. Pronunciation of Sono Toori Desu Listen to the audio file for Sono toori desu. Japanese Characters for Sono Toori Desu 㠁 Ã£  ®Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£  Ã£  ®Ã£  ¨Ã£ Å Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š More Responding in Agreement Previous phraseNext phraseResponding in Agreement Archive Sources: LinguaJunkie.com, Learn Japanese! 22 Ways How to Say I Agree in Japanese.

A Good Man Is Hard And Find By Flannery O Connor

In Flannery O’Connor’s short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find†, O’Connor tells the story mainly on the emphasis of the grandmothers prospective. The grandmother was never named in the short story, only leaving the reader to guess if this story was how O’Connor portrayed a feeling toward society and religion. In order for the reader to understand the point of view of the story, the reader must look at the back ground of the author. Born in Georgia, where the story takes place, O’Connor was raised a devout Roman Catholic in the largely Protestant South. Due to O’Connor’s Catholic religion and conservative upbringing in the protestant south it is easy to see her obvious disapproval with society and others religious values. O’Conner died at a young age from an illness, an illness that had taken her father’s life when she was just a teenager. During her short time of writing she only published two novels and a collection of stories. The title story of the collection, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† is O’Connor’s most famous. (Larson) O’Connor’s uncanny blend of wicked humor, brutal violence, and religious concepts produced the unmistakable literary voice of one of the most important short story writers of the 20th century. (183) Throughout the story we can see O’Connor’s wicked humor she portrays through the character grandma, grandma is very judgmental and manipulative of others. She lives in Georgia with her only son Bailey, his wife and their three children JohnShow MoreRelatedA Good Man Is Hard And Find By Flannery O Connor824 Words   |  4 PagesInstead, you should focus on the moral dilemma the character experiences and analyze how he/she wrestles with this dilemma beyond what is obvious in the plot. What literary elements draw out this conflict? When reading, A good man is hard to find by Flannery O Connor, the question intrigues the reader to read further, about the infamous Villian, The Misfit. The grandmother is the other key character in this short story. The older woman is overpowered by temptation, regardless of what her familyRead MoreA Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O ´Connor766 Words   |  4 PagesFlannery O’Connor: â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery o Connor. Known as the southern United States, the second after Faulkner writer. A good man is hard to find the religious fable story, the story is very simple, an elderly woman with her son a family trip to Florida, due to the old woman wanted to see a supposed to be on the way but somehow thought in Tennessee plantation in Georgia, and the way for the old woman with a bad idea to turn over a car, then the escaped from prison thatRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† by Flannery O’ Connor, is about a family going on a trip from Georgia to Florida. The grandmother, who is old-fashion in her beliefs, tells her grandchildren stories on the road trip; one story leads them down a dirt road to find a house on an old plantation, which produces an unpleasant outcome. The author uses the grandmother’s voice and language to give an old southern appeal to the story, which causes the impression that those who live like her are considered moreRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor898 Words   |  4 PagesOne can imagine an old lady with a cat, who appreciates respect towards herself, is stylish and likes to take care of herself. She s elegant, yet a bit talkative and dramatic at the same time. In the story A Good Man Is Hard to Find Flannery O Connor introduces to a similar character, The grandmother who is sophisticated and conservative in some ways. The short story begins with how the grandmother wants to take a road trip to Tennessee while the rest of the family wants to visit FloridaRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor1356 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† was written by Flannery O Connor in the early 1950’s. The abnormal story of sudden viciousness in the provincial South opens discreetly, with a family arranging a get-away. The spouse, Bailey, his significant other, and their kids, John Wesley and June Star, all need to go to Florida. The grandma, Bailey s mom, in any case, needs to go to east Tennessee, where she has relatives, and she strongly endeavors to convince them to go there. Unfit to persuade them that theRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor1837 Words   |  8 Pages In the short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† Flannery O Connor uses the grandmother as a main character. Baileys mother in this story views herself as a truthful, wise and righteous lady throughout. She uses her manipulation, lies, and persuasiveness to her advantage but soon the reader learns how honest those views are. She quickly reveals herself as a different person when those traits she usually uses to get what she wants fails her. She can easily persuade someone to get her way, but howRead MoreSummary Of A Good Man Is Hard And Find By Flannery O Connor1114 Words   |  5 Pages Man is Hard to Find Theme Essay: Religion ENG1300/ Literature Anthony Copeland December 16, 2014 In the short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery O’ Connor, the major theme in this story to me is how religion plays such a larger role in some lives more than others. The grandmother, a prime example for this, shows throughout the story that having â€Å"faith† isn’t a saving grace and misplaced faith could possibly get you killed. The major confrontationRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O ´Connor698 Words   |  3 Pagesdown the embankment. The misfit says it would have been better for the family if the grandmother hadn’t â€Å"recognized† him. It seems like the misfit was pleased to be recognized by the grandma. The misfit recognizes himself not as a good man. He says he would be a different man if he were there to see whether if Jesus resurrects the dead or not. It seems as if even though the misfit says his father’s heart was made of gold, he did not like his father due to his father’s kna ck of handling authorities orRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor1230 Words   |  5 PagesHour:1 A Good Man is Hard to Find â€Å"Do you ever pray,† (9) In Flannery O’Connor’s short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† two unlikely characters find themselves on an unexpected journey to find God. Christianity, the grace of God, and redemption are all used throughout the story. Religion is the underlying theme of the story through the title, the characters, and the details. The main purpose of â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is to convert others to Christianity. The title, â€Å"A Good Man is HardRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor1655 Words   |  7 Pages In the short story A Good Man Is Hard to Find, written by Flannery O’Connor, the theme that the definition of a ‘good man’ is mysterious and flawed is apparent. The reader must realize that it is difficult to universalize the definition of a good man because every person goes through different experiences. Thus, these experiences affect his or her viewpoint and in turn flaw ones view on a good man. O’Connor conveys this theme through her excellent use of diction, imagery, foreshadowing, and symbolism

Business of Wesfarmers and its Operations in Australia-Free-Samples

Question: You are required to prepare a business report that deconstructs an organisation's business model and identifies the critical success factors that make the business sustainable. Answer: Introduction: About the business The Wesfarmers limited can be described as an Australian conglomerate which has its business in Perth in the region of Western Australia. The company operates in the retail supermarket sector. The company deals in chemicals, fertilizers, coal mining and industrial safety products. The company has being performing well and recently made a profit of 65.98$ billion. The company has recently become the largest company in Australia by revenue taking over its competitors (Armstrong et al, 2015). The company began its operations in 1914 as a cooperative business which provided assistance to the Western Australian farmers. It was in the year 1940 that the company began to deal in wheat, wool, livestock, fruit and vegetable exports and came to be known as Westralian Framers Limited. Alongside retail food products the company also deals in Chemical, Fertilizers, Safety and other related products (Wesfarmers, 2018). At present the firm has its operations in Australia and New Zealand. Figure 1: The business segments of Wesfarmers (Source: Wesfarmers, 2018). The Business Canvas Model Key Partners Wesfarmers operates in the retail supermarket sector and along with that it operates in various other sectors also. The given subsidiaries and divisions of the business are given as follows : Kemart Target Coles BBC Hardware Ansett Travel Superannuation Fund Coles Property Management Comnet Fosseys Morley Shopping Centre now.com.au Theo's Liquor Tooronga Shopping Centre Tyremaster Viking Direct and World 4 Kids. Grocery Holdings Pty Ltd Harris Technology Howard Smith, Katies Fashions Loyalty Pacific Masters Home Improvement New Zealand Key Activities Pricing Marketing Procurement Customer fidelization Diversification Analyzing consumer demand Effective Distribution system Warehousing and Logistics Purchasing and selling consumer goods (Barquet et al., 2016). Value Proposition Wide selection of products Safety 24/7 shopping experience Online buying Convenient online shopping Good prices of the products Online shopping facility Diversification of business operations like Gas, energy, clothings and others. Customer Relationships Customer Loyalty- wesfarmer offers good quality products to the customer and therefore they build loyal relationships with the customers. Online shopping Self-service Discount offers Affiliation (Sutton-Brady, Kamvounias Taylor, 2015). Long term relationships Recipes and Inspiration Brand awareness Customer Segments Mass audience Housewifes Restaurant owners Student Older people Key Resources The company is one of the largest companies in the continent of Australia It has an employee base of 2, 20,000 till 2016. The supermarket serves thousands of customers IT Infrastructure Negotiation power of the company (Joyce Paquin, 2016) Channels Super market Gas stations Online business Through its various outlets Club card Social Media One stop solution for all customers through small stores Cost Structure The important cost structures of the given in the given business model are : Staff Taxes Real estate Advertising Cost of goods (Thompson, 2014). Acquisitions Logistics Revenue Streams Online sales Retail store sales Advertising Financial income from insurance and bank business. Key relationship between blocks The building blocks of the business canvas model are used to [portray the different aspects o a business`s operations. The business canvas model primarily provides information on the given five aspects of the business enterprise: Customer segments Value Propositions Channels Customer Relationships Revenue Streams Key Activities Key Partnerships Key Resources Cost Structure The business canvas model is formed in order analyze the different aspects of a business enterprise and to get the detailed information about any business. This is done in order to understand, how a business is generally performing and the areas need to be improved. It is very important for any analysis that see t it that they have a well defined business model which helps the company to perform well in all the given aspects of the firm. It can be stated that the different blocks of the business canvas model are closely related. The blocks are mutually dependent on one another; hence any change which is made on one particular block often has a drastic effect on the other block (Muhtaroglu et al., 2013). For example, the key value proposition of the organization states all the aspects which an organization offers and I any changes take place there it should be understood that the cost structure of the given company is also bound to change. If the cost structure changes then, that shall have an impact on the selling prices set of the company and the revenue structure of the firm. Another case can be taken of the key resources which are gained by the firm. The key resources tend to have a huge impact on the key activities of the firm and even an impact on the cost structure of the firm. If Wesfarmer`s decides to attain a new resource for example a new supermarket in a part of New Zealand, then the a key activities indulged in by the firm will undergo a certain change. This will then impact the costs of the firm, which is the third block being affected. Lastly, it may also have an impact on the revenue earned by the firm which may then cause huge changes in them. Figure 2: The brands under Wesfarmers (Source: The Conversation, 2018) Critical Success Factors to get sustainable success The Critical success factors are a management term which is very often used to describe that element of the business and how the business needs to determine whether the organization has been successful in its operations or not. These factors tend to have a huge impact on the business of the organization (Massa Tucci, 2013). If a business aims to become successful in future or rather attain sustainable success then it needs to see to it that the company has been performing well in the these areas. The CSFs that Wesfarmers has to get right to achieve sustainable success are as follows: Understanding the behaviour of the Customer The retailers need to realize that the behaviour of the customers in order to take critical decisions on various aspects of the business enterprise which range from decisions like what they need to offer the company and also decisions like how can they strengthen their relationships with the consumers. To understand the various aspects of a consumer`s behavior, the company creates various feedback forms, conducts certain surveys and so that they are able to get on to the right track. If the firm is able to do so, they can be successful in the future because it will be doing the right things that the customer desire. Making use of Multichannel Strategies The consumer needs are extremely varied. It is very often for any business enterprise to offer the business with all kinds of facilities and options in order to see to it that the business is extremely successful in its avenue (Hong Fauvel, 2013). Hence, the business needs to make use of Multichannel Strategies and target the customer using various mediums like online, convenient stores and mobile application to capture the larger share of a customer demand. Wesfarmer`s needs to see to it that it is catering to what the customers are looking out for and this can be done using techniques like the follows : Opening neighborhood convenience stores Opening corners in gas stations Online avenues Home delivery Other CSFs are as follows: Enhancing customer experience By providing good quality products at convenient prices, Wesfarmers can enhance its customer experience Improving operational efficiency Operational efficiency plays a key role in determining the success of business in the future and through this move (Cochrane, 2014). Downside risk and causes Downside risk is a kind of risk whereby the company can suffer a huge loss if the market condition changes. The risk can be posed by external factors of the firm whereby the company suffers a huge blow. The cause for downside risk for Wesfarmers could be as follows: Its demerger from the Cole group According to Kiel (2014), Wesfarmers has decided to demerge from Cole and for this reason, it could be exposed to a downside risk whereby the market share could be captured by Cole and Wesfarmers could suffer a huge loss. Entrance of a giant like Tesco If a retail giant like Tesco decides to enter into the business then it could lead to a huge loss for the Wesfarmers. This is because Tesco has a huge operational experience and for this purpose, if it decides to enter into the Australian market then, it could lead to a downfall for Wesfarmers. Recommendations to change the business model The given changes could have been recommended: Wesfarmers can narrow don its offerings Very often when a company intends to become successful, it tends to offer various products to the different customers but it should not be the ideal case. Instead the company should narrow down its offerings and make premium quality products. It can then seize the opportunities available and expand its operations to emerging markets of the South East Asian countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, India and other emerging countries. Although these countries have a presence of the famous local retail organizations serving the market, however internal expansion can be made a priority in the business`s model to cater to a larger market and to become an international name. If the company is successful in doing so then it would be able to increase its revenues and also be able to expand the base. It can introduce its own brand products to save costs and increase profits The company has a wide product line which has enabled it to serve all the needs of the customers in order to expand operations and achieve operations excellence. It is suggested that it increases its Key resources and employs brands which are the company`s own in order to cut the costs of the firm in order to see to it that the company is able to improve its revenue structure. If the company gets into the brand owned personal care line and hygiene line then it will be able to reduce the components of its cost structures and increase revenue. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Barquet, A. P. B., de Oliveira, M. G., Amigo, C. R., Cunha, V. P., Rozenfeld, H. (2013). Employing the business model concept to support the adoption of productservice systems (PSS).Industrial Marketing Management,42(5), 693-704. Cochrane, T. D. (2014). Critical success factors for transforming pedagogy with mobile Web 2.0.British Journal of Educational Technology,45(1), 65-82. Hong, Y. C., Fauvel, C. (2013). Criticisms, variations and experiences with business model canvas. Joyce, A., Paquin, R. L. (2016). The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models.Journal of Cleaner Production,135, 1474-1486. Kiel, I. H. (2014). Entrepreneurial marketing. Massa, L., Tucci, C. L. (2013). Business model innovation.The Oxford Handbook of Innovation Management, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 420-441. Muhtaroglu, F. C. P., Demir, S., Obali, M., Girgin, C. (2013, October). Business model canvas perspective on big data applications. InBig Data, 2013 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 32-37). IEEE. Sutton-Brady, C., Kamvounias, P., Taylor, T. (2015). A model of supplierretailer power asymmetry in the Australian retail industry.Industrial marketing management,51, 122-130. Thompson, P. A. (2014).Wesfarmers 100: The People's Story 1914-2014. Wesfarmers Limited. The Conversation. (2018), Wesfarmers News, Research and Analysis - The Conversation. Retrieved 19 March 2018, from https://theconversation.com/au/topics/wesfarmers-1723 Wesfarmers. (2018) , Wesfarmers. Retrieved 19 March 2018, from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au

The Effects of Listening to Music on Physical Performance Essay Example For Students

The Effects of Listening to Music on Physical Performance Essay Outline1 Introduction2 Methods3 Results4 Discussion Introduction Music is a very fascinating universal phenomenon. Almost everyone likes some sort of music, whether it be the twang of a country song or the intensity of a German rap. Music has the ability to completely change the mood of a situation. It has extensively been investigated and used as a form of therapy for the mind. Therefore it would be interesting to see if it had any impact on a person’s physical ability as well. Music has been suggested to affect the body’s physiological patterns in many ways. A study done in 2003 (Yamamoto et. al) exemplified the wavering levels of neurotransmitters as the type of music was changed. When the participants listen to slow-rhythm music their plasma levels of norepinephrine decreased, and when they listened to fast-rhythm music their plasma levels of epinephrine increased. Norepinephrine is a hormone generally known for mechanisms of the sympathetic nervous system, originating the fight or flight response. When it is lowered, the body’s stress level is suppressed, caused by a decrease in blood pressure. Epinephrine is a similar hormone, commonly referred to as adrenaline, which has been known to produce sudden responses to combat stress. An increase in plasma levels would increase the heart rate and dilate air passages to promote the expansion of oxygen to the body’s vital organs. By simply choosing a different pace of music, the way our phy siology works can be completely altered. A different investigation was done to find the effects of Medical Resonance Therapy Music (MRT-Music) on cerebral blood flow (Shemagonov Sidorenko, 2000). The arterial make up in the cerebrum is hard to get into through the blood stream due to the blood-brain barrier. Therefore even neurotransmitters will struggle to get through without the help of drugs. However, somehow MRT- Music has shown effects on the slow spontaneous oscillations (SSO) of cerebral blood flow. This means that just by the affects of the musical therapy itself, the cranial autonomous activity adjusts itself to bring the brain into a balanced state. Sympathetic and parasympathetic firings are regulated to keep stress-levels and headaches under control. With the physical power of music, it is no wonder why so much research has been done to test its capacity. Many studies have tested music as a motivational factor. When moving around or doing an activity with music in the background, most people will unknowingly start moving to the rhythm. If the music is kept at a fast pace, it can help motivate an individual to keep working at the same tempo (Sariscsany, 1991). This way they may find themselves moving at a faster pace than normal, just to keep up with the music. The purpose of this study was to find whether music could significantly affect an individual’s physical performance, in this case running a mile. Music was hypothesized to have a positive affect on runner’s ability, allowing them to decrease their time. Methods We will write a custom essay on The Effects of Listening to Music on Physical Performance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This experiment was carried out by recruiting ten participants; four males and six females. The subjects ranged in ages from 21 to 51 (SD: 12.4) and had a variety of fitness levels but all held some active background. Seven of the participants regularly use music while they work out, while three of them do not. After a detailed description of all testing procedures was provided, informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Every subject performed two mile runs, separated by a day. One of the miles was tested using control conditions, and the other using experimental conditions. All subjects were asked to stretch and complete a small warm-up walk before starting the experiment. During the first mile test, the subjects were asked to run a mile without listening to any music, timing themselves while doing so. The next day, they ran the same mile while listening to their music of choice and compared their times. Subjects were allowed to complete the run at their own discretion in the environment of their choosing. The only restriction was that they could not use a treadmill to control their speed. In order to limit other factors, subjects were asked to try and keep their physical activities and behaviors fairly consistent during the 24 hours prior to each trial. The data was all recorded and compared. The mean time difference was calculated against trials with or without music. Significance was judged using a double-sided t-test. Results Results showed that most subjects took less time to complete the mile when they were able to listen to music. This was true for nine out of the ten participants. Chart 1 compares the times with music (red) and without music (blue). As shown below, the blue line stays above the red line almost consistently over subjects showing that times without music were higher on average. Chart 1: Running times for music vs. no music. The average time it took participants to run a mile without any music was about 9 minutes and 15 seconds. With music the average shed around 22 seconds, at 8 minutes and 53 seconds. Table 1 shows the exact time in minutes and seconds that it took each participant to run a mile while listening to music, and then without any music. The difference was calculated between the two by subtracting the time it took with music from the time without. Subject 9 was the only one with a negative difference, meaning they took longer to run the mile with music than without. The mean difference between music and no music was 22.4 seconds. Table 1: Trials among subjects running the mile with music vs. no music. Time (mins:sec) Subject #1 Subject #2 Subject #3 Subject #4 Subject #5 Subject #6 Subject #7 Subject #8 Subject #9 Subject #10 Music 7:43 9:35 9:33 6:54 9:45 11:23 7:25 6:37 11:38 8:16 No Music 8:03 10:20 9:50 7:48 9:50 13:05 7:40 6:59 10:34 8:24 Difference 0:20 0:45 0:17 0:54 0:05 1:42 0:15 0:22 -1:04 0:08 .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149 , .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149 .postImageUrl , .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149 , .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149:hover , .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149:visited , .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149:active { border:0!important; } .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149:active , .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149 .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc5c1ab0e2a4e28f77c9e7fa707494149:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How Does Music Affect Your Mood EssayDiscussion Reviewing over the results, we find that for most of the subjects, times went down while listening to music. This implies that music was used as either a distracter or motivational factor in completing this physical task. The two-tailed P value found from the data in a t test was 0.4731. This is not considered statistically significant in a quantitative sense, however if we consider the type of data, the t test may not be accurate for this. In a race, the winner sometimes wins by only a fraction of a second, so the time shed by listening to music seems pretty substantial. Looking at the data, specifically the differences between trials, there is one outlier. Subject 9 is the only one that had a faster time for the trial without music. Even with this excluded, the mean difference was about the same, at 32 seconds. So according to our data we can conclude that music has ability to cut around 20 to 30 seconds off of an individual’s mile time. As people complete a workout they go through stages of fatigue. Fatigue is the loss of the muscles ability to generate maximal force. There are two types; central and peripheral. Peripheral fatigue includes physiological factors within the muscles acting against performance. After prolonged bouts of physical activity there is thought to be a build up of metabolites that can negatively affect excitation-contraction during movement (Kent-Braun, 1999). This type of fatigue only occurs if the exercise is high intensity or lengthy and therefore would not be a factor in the current experiment. Central fatigue, on the other hand, is caused by a decrease in neural output. Neural output occurs when the brain sends signals through the spinal cord and nerves activating movement. However if the brain has the illusion of tiredness, due to neurotransmitter action or outside factors, central fatigue will occur. An experiment was done testing muscle fatigue while blindfolded, where central fatigue w as shown to be a dominant factor (Mel’nichouk, Bulgakova Vasilenko, 2006). When the subjects were blindfolded, they showed fewer signs of fatigue than they did while having clear vision. This implies that with the blockade of visual feedback, the brain did not feel as tired since it could not recognize common visual signs of exertion. If it is possible to divert the brain from central fatigue in this way, it seems that other options could be used as a distraction, such as music. Central fatigue is a common deterrent during cardiovascular activities since many people have a hard time pushing themselves to continue when it starts to get a little tough, even if their physical capabilities have yet to be reached. The idea behind listening to music during a workout is to present a distraction to combat central fatigue. This way, it is easier to push it to the physical limit and not be overwhelmed with a slight pain. Running a mile is a pretty basic skill. Most people are required to do so in their middle school gym classes. However beyond that, there is no motivation for some to complete this kind of activity. Many people will quiver at the idea of having to run an entire mile. This stigma could be a result of the central fatigue occurring during a run, stopping people from continuing. People simply need a distraction that disallows them from dwelling on the pain while completing physical tasks. If they did not have mental fatigue to deal with, the physical fatigue would be much easier to handle. Through research, mental fatigue and general lack of motivation has been shown to be blocked by music. Music therapy has, for the most part, been acknowledged as a legitimate form of rehabilitation to help individuals psychologically, emotionally, and physically (DegmeÄ ić, 2005). It helps patients express themselves in a new way and explore different feelings through different songs. They are able to relax and kick back while listening to music and relate to lyrics from various artists. This can help them to feel at ease and develop a sense of unity with others. With these feelings, they feel better about getting up in the morning and carrying out tasks. Music often times motivates them to heal. A study done with Alzheimer patients using music therapy exemplifies its powerful effects (Guetin, et. al, 2009). A musical therapy group was compared with a control group over the course of 24 weeks. Each participant of the musical therapy group was exposed to a weekly music session, featuring music of their choosing. The control group had an individualized reading session instead. After 16 weeks, the patients in the musical therapy group significantly improved in feelings of anxiety, according to the Hamilton Scale, as well as depression, according to the Geriatric Depression Scale. The control group did not show the same results. These results were held up to 8 weeks after the therapy sessions ended. The ability of music therapy to alleviate depression and alter moods has also been shown to help motivate people to change their physical activity level. In order to test this, a common method of investigation is self-report. By interviewing all of the participants and giving out detailed questionnaires, one study was able to find the emotional connection to music during exercise (Priest Karageorghis, 2008). Most of the participants in their study preferred fast-paced, heavy-beat music that kept them pumped up and encouraged them to move at the same tempo. They also felt that listening to music whose words expressed how they felt about exercising at the moment was a beneficial motivator. Although all the participants’ specific taste in music varied, their interview responses could all be generalized to indicate that music was a positive factor. A different study compared individuals’ perceived rate of exertion during exercise with and without music (Mohammadzadeh, Tartibiyan Ahmadi, 2008). The results found that the majority of participants had a lower perceived rate of exertion according to the standard PRE scale when they were listening to music. The experiment also measured the individuals’ actual performance level over trials. Even though the subject’s stated that they felt they were exerting less energy into the activity, their performance was actually shown to improve. This indicates that the music was distracting them away from their exercise and allowing them to focus on something else rather than how hard they were working. Though there is much research indicating that music could provide an aide in physical activity, there are some opposing arguments as well. Some research finds that music has either no effect or a negative effect on an athletes’ performance. In a study done in North Carolina (Brownley, McMurray Hackley, 1995), performance was compared with the effects of music among trained and untrained athletes. While they were able to find positive effects amongst the untrained athletes, it seemed that for the trained athletes music actually took a negative effect. This could be due to the sense of relaxation music creates which was taking away from the athletes’ focus and goals. It could also be that the selected music was not fast enough to fit the tempo at which they generally performed. There were a few limitations experienced during this study. The sample size was pretty small, and therefore could have skewed the results. Additionally, the majority in the sample was college students around the same age and in the same generational group, which could have affected the outcome. Most people these days are acclimated to using an mp3 player while they run, so working without it could make it harder just because of the change. However some of the subjects do not regularly listen to music while running and their times were still lowered. Another factor was the type of music the people were listening to. The subjects were told they could listen to whatever music they preferred, in attempts to have them enjoy it and distract them during the run. However this caused an inconsistency in the experiment because some subjects could have been listening to faster paced music than others. The type of music used could have affected the subject who achieved a faster time without music but it could also have been an unchangeable cause. The music could have created the difficult necessity to multitask, taking away from their actual movements, or they could simply not enjoy listening to music while they work out. It could have even been random outside factors that had nothing to do with music. A repetition of this experiment should include a wider variety of subjects among age groups and fitness level. Additionally it would be interesting to test the differences between fast paced and slow paced music, and unorthodox music that is not known to any of the subjects. There are many variations to be made to this experiment that would help develop the different facets of music’s affect on physical performance. .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9 , .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9 .postImageUrl , .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9 , .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9:hover , .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9:visited , .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9:active { border:0!important; } .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9:active , .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9 .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u29c8c9e5bd60f74d66ce436f9c8397f9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music Essay ThesisWorks Cited Brownley, K.A., McMurray, R.G., Hackney, A.C. 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(2008). â€Å"A qualitative investigation into the characteristics and effects of music accompanying exercise.† European Physical Education Review, 14: 347-367. Sariscsany, M.J. (1991). â€Å"Motivating physical education students through music.† Physical Educator, 48, 2: 93-94. Shemagonov, A.V., Sidorenko, V.N. (2000). â€Å"Can the Medical Resonance Therapy Music Affect Autonomous Innervation of Cerebral Arteries?† Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 35, 3: 218-223. Yamamoto, T., Ohkuwa, T., Kitoh, I.M., Tsuda, T., Kitagawa, S., and Sato, Y. (2003). â€Å"Effects of Pre-exercise Listening to Slow and Fast Rhythm Music on Supramaximal Cycle Performance and Selected Metabolic Variables.† Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 111, 3: 211-214.